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In this paper, we explore the nature of the in global value chains (GVCs). Using the trade in value-added (TiVA) framework, we decompose traditional trade flows into their foreign- and domestic-value-added components and assess several standard indicators of GVC participation and positioning over the period from 2010 to 2022. This decomposition enables a more nuanced understanding of how these small, open economies are integrated into international production networks and how their roles have evolved over time. Our analysis reveals that, despite their similar economic structures and strategic orientations toward European integration, the Baltic countries exhibit notable differences in their positions within global value chains. All three countries are predominantly downstream in GVCs, reflecting their specialisation in processing imported inputs for export. However, Latvia has shown the most balanced position since 2010, with its GVC position index improving after 2017—an indication of increasing engagement in more value-generating segments of global supply chains, possibly due to closer economic ties with the European Union and a growing role as an intermediary in regional trade. An additional strategic priority for all three countries is the development of energy infrastructure. Recent efforts to synchronise power grids with the EU and enhance connections to European electricity markets have bolstered energy security and economic resilience, supporting more stable participation in GVCs. Sectors such as IT, engineering, and chemicals, particularly in Lithuania and Estonia, have benefited from this enhanced infrastructure, enabling them to adapt more effectively to global market fluctuations.